我国湿地公园建设发展限制因素与对策

湿地公园建设既是湿地生态恢复的新型模式,也是湿地保护与合理利用的最有效方式。阐述了我国湿地公园建设现状,分析了湿地公园建设和管理存在的问题,针对主要限制因素提出了对策建议。     

漯河市沙河湿地公园景观规划设计探析

以漯河市沙河湿地公园为例,对湿地公园的规划思路、规划布局结构、重点区设计等进行系统分析。依据场地区位和环境特点,结合国家级湿地公园规划规范,形成四区、六园、十景的总体格局。通过梳理园区水系和交通流线,结合生态恢复与重建,建设一处以湿地生态系统保育为主,集科普宣教、游览观光、休闲养生于一体并与周边区域协调发展的国家级湿地公园。     

湿地生态系统实际蒸散发数据驱动估算模型研究

利用Fluxnet2015全球通量塔观测数据集,研究了随机森林（RF）、梯度增强回归分析（GBR）、支持向量回归（SVR）和深度学习神经网络（DNN）预测湿地生态系统的实际蒸散发（Evaporation,ET）。通过对比研究,确定了预测实际蒸散发的最佳特征变量组合,包括短波辐射、净辐射、初级生产总值、气温、土壤温度、风速、降水、经度、纬度和时间。以此为模型输入,利用Fluxnet2015站点测试数据集和ERA5-Land再分析资料提供的输入特征,对比分析了不同模型的实际蒸散发估计精度,结果表明：以站点数据为输入,SVR算法精度相对较高,其R²可达0.896,RPE最小为31.5%;以ERA5-Land再分析资料为输入,除了GBR算法以外,其余3种方法R²高于0.820,RPE小于57%。另外,模型算法估计的ET精度要明显高于ERA5-Land再分析资料提供的ET产品。     

宁夏重点湖泊生态健康评价与修复对策研究

针对宁夏湖泊湿地生态环境退化的问题,以宁夏重点湖泊为对象,利用多指标体系评价法,建立宁夏湖泊湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系,采用湖泊综合评判方法,对宁夏重点湖泊进行生态健康评价,评价结果显示沙湖、星海湖、阅海、腾格里湖为亚健康状态,鸣翠湖和宝湖为健康状态。同时根据各湖泊湿地生态系统健康评价的结果,分析各湖泊存在的主要问题,有针对性地提出各湖泊的管理建议,为湖泊管理者提供依据。     

Restoring wetland biodiversity using research: Whole‐community facilitation by beaver as framework

• 1. Wetlands are declining worldwide, and there is a great need for their restoration and creation. One natural agent of wetland engineering is beavers, Castor spp., which have returned or are returning to many parts of their former range.
• 2. We initially studied the facilitative effect of the beaver Castor canadensis on a waterbird community consisting of three waders and four ducks in boreal wetlands in southern Finland. Both waterbird species diversity and abundance increased when beavers impounded a pond. Common teal Anas crecca and green sandpiper Tringa ochropus were the species showing the most positive numerical response, but the other five species also increased upon flooding.
• 3. This article evaluates how the results of the study have been used in management, both in theory and practice. The whole‐community facilitation concept has been taken up in numerous articles considering the restorative effects of beavers. It has also been used as ecological background when planning and executing man‐made wetland projects in Finland within both the public and the private sectors.
• 4. Our study and its publication in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems have set a foundation for further evidence‐based management of waterbird communities. As the results show, having beavers as wetland managers is a feasible tool for creating and restoring wetlands for waterbirds and other biota. Moreover, wetland restoration projects are becoming more popular endeavours, owing to an understanding of the diverse benefits of wetlands. Flooding by beavers is used as a model for managers when creating man‐made wetlands; for example, in urban areas where it is difficult to maintain beavers.

     

河北省湿地的基本状况及保护对策分析

分析河北省湿地资源分布情况、类型及特点、生态功能及利用保护过程中存的问题,提出增强湿地生态保护意识;建设湿地保护综合管理体系;兼顾局部与整体开展湿地全生态系统的研究;提升湿地监测与管护的智能化水平;进一步优化湿地区域产业结构;探索市场调节机制下的湿地生态补偿等建议。     

The potential of temporary shelters to increase survival of the endangered Mexican axolotl

1. Amphibian populations worldwide are in decline. Proactive conservation techniques such as translocations into created and restored wetlands have gained popularity in recent years but may fail owing to high predation and low environmental adaptability.
2. The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), affected by rapid urbanization, is now possibly extinct in the wild despite millions living in captivity throughout the world.
3. The aim of this study was to explore whether ponds from an artificial wetland can function as temporary shelters for a viable population of axolotls that could be re-introduced into their native ecosystem in Xochimilco once it is restored.
4. Egg-laying and hatching of 11 unique axolotl pairs placed into reproductive enclosures and larval survival to 7 weeks and up to 12 months were examined. Physicochemical and biological parameters were estimated and compared among ponds.
5. The results from this study are encouraging as they suggest that two ponds have adequate conditions for axolotls to reproduce and for larvae and juveniles to survive.

     

Research Progress on Application of Constructed Wetland in Wastewater Treatment in China

人工湿地是近几十年发展起来的一种污水生态处理技术,能将污水处理与水资源再利用有机地结合起来,在水体修复与生态建设方面发挥着重要作用。人工湿地自发展以来,以其独特的优势备受人们关注,并广泛应用于处理生活污水、工业废水及矿山废水等。文中综述了国内人工湿地的分类、组成、工艺组合、运行方式及去污机理等,简述了人工湿地处理污染水体技术在国内外的研究进展;并且针对我国人工湿地处理污染水体技术中存在的问题提出了相应的解决方法,建议将构建人工湿地处理系统建设标准体系、开展人工湿地系统稳定地去除氮、磷等营养元素的调控与强化技术,以及系统研究利用人工湿地特有的功能特性来改善和恢复生态环境等作为今后研究的重点。     

金坛市长荡湖湿地保护与恢复技术措施及综合效益分析

阐述了长荡湖湿地保护与恢复的重要性和必要性,重点介绍了2项独创技术来开展长荡湖湿地保护与恢复,为全省同类湖泊湿地保护与恢复提供了一些应用示范和实践经验。     

贵州喀斯特地区人工湿地应用存在的问题与解决对策

人工湿地是近几十年来发展起来的一种新型的污水生态处理技术,近年来在有条件的地方得到了推广应用。为改善贵州省居民饮用水水质,贵州省政府实施了乡村清洁工程——利用人工湿地技术处理农村生活污水。结合农村生活污水及贵州省喀斯特地质的特点,介绍了人工湿地在贵州省农村污水处理系统中的应用,并分析了人工湿地在贵州省处理农村生活污水中存在的问题,针对这些问题提出了相应的解决措施。